- Eating, drinking, or talking during prayer, whether intentionally or out of forgetfulness.
- Losing total concentration in one’s prayer by gazing at or being distracted by others’ actions or other matters.
- Responding with “Yarhamukallah” to someone else who sneezes.
- Reciting Quranic verses incorrectly in a way that alters their meaning.
- Reciting the Quran by looking into a written copy (Mushaf) during prayer.
- Laughing aloud.
- Weeping aloud out of worldly sorrow or distress.
- Returning someone’s Salam (greeting) during prayer.
- Uttering phrases like “Subhanallah”, “Alhamdulillah”, or “Inna lillah” in response to hearing joyful, sorrowful, or surprising news while praying.
- Failing to place the forehead on the ground during Sujud (prostration). (During prostration, seven parts of the body must touch the ground: toes of both feet, both knees, both hands, and the forehead along with the nose. If any one of these does not touch the ground, the prostration is invalid. If the prostration is invalid, the prayer itself is invalid.)
- Standing ahead of the Imam.
- Turning one’s chest away from the Qiblah.
- Reciting a supplication (Dua) during prayer that resembles normal human speech.
- The sun rising while one is still performing the Fajr prayer.
- Nullification of Wudu (ablution) while in the middle of prayer.
- Omission of any obligatory (Fard) elements of the prayer, or omitting a necessary (Wajib) element and forgetting to perform the prostration of forgetfulness (Sajdah Sahw).
